THE OXFORDINSTITUTEFOR ENERGYSTUDIESNovember 2025Flexibility Case Studies for the Clean EnergyTransition:Suggestions for China fromEuropean ExperienceAnders Hove,Senior Research Fellow,OlESOIES Paper:CE18Dimitra Apostolopoulou,Research Fellow,OlESDavid Robinson,Senior Research Fellow,OlESThe contents of this paper are the authors'sole responsibility.They do notnecessarily represent the views of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies or any ofits members.Copyright©2025Oxford Institute for Energy Studies(Registered Charity,No.286084)This publication may be reproduced in part for educational or non-profit purposes without specialpermission from the copyright holder,provided acknowledgement of the source is made.No use ofthis publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without priorpermission in writing from the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.1SBN978-1-78467-286-7The contents of this paper are the authors'sole responsibility.They do not necessarily represent the viewsof the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies or any of its Members.